Yes, you have the right to resist an unlawful arrest. But doing so is not an advisable way to enforce your rights!
One problem is that you have no way of knowing, at the time of an arrest, whether or not it is lawful.
A police officer might have reasonable grounds to make an arrest even if you乌鸦传媒檙e 乌鸦传媒渟queaky clean乌鸦传媒� innocent of any wrongdoing.
The officer in the case I wrote about last week ( was investigating Ms. Joseph for shoplifting. Had a store employee told the officer they witnessed Ms. Joseph slipping an item in her bag, the officer would have had reasonable grounds to make the arrest even if the store employee had been mistaken.
Resisting a lawful arrest is a criminal offence, even if you乌鸦传媒檙e innocent.
A more significant problem is the practical matter that 乌鸦传媒渞esistance is futile乌鸦传媒� when it comes to the police. There is no 乌鸦传媒渞ights angel乌鸦传媒� that will step in and stop the police from acting unlawfully. If they are intent on arresting you, they will. It doesn乌鸦传媒檛 matter how big, well trained in fighting or armed you are. The more you resist, the more likely you will be hurt or even killed.
If it turns out later that the arrest was unlawful, as it did for Ms. Joseph, you can pursue compensation for your injuries and losses. But compensation under our law just balances out your losses. There乌鸦传媒檚 no bonus. And just like Ms. Joseph, you乌鸦传媒檙e likely to need a lawyer to get that compensation. The significant fees you pay to your lawyer will leave you undercompensated.
And 乌鸦传媒淚乌鸦传媒檓 glad I was hurt so that I could get compensation乌鸦传媒� was said by no client of mine, ever.
So are your rights meaningless? How else do you enforce your right not to be unlawfully arrested, besides resisting that arrest? If you submit to the arrest and the police search your bag, haven乌鸦传媒檛 your rights already fluttered away?
Your rights are not meaningless.
The includes an enforcement mechanism. Section 24(1) states: 乌鸦传媒淎nyone whose rights or freedoms, as guaranteed by this Charter, have been infringed or denied may apply to a court of competent jurisdiction to obtain such remedy as the court considers appropriate and just in the circumstances.乌鸦传媒�
An unlawful arrest is a breach of your right under section 9 of the Charter 乌鸦传媒渘ot to be arbitrarily detained or imprisoned乌鸦传媒�.
And if your bag is searched as part of an unlawful arrest, as was the case with Ms. Joseph, that乌鸦传媒檚 a breach of your right under section 8 乌鸦传媒渢o be secure against unreasonable search or seizure乌鸦传媒�.
The police officer乌鸦传媒檚 lawyer minimized the Charter breaches. They argued that the search of her purse and phone was brief and the items were returned to her within minutes. They noted that she was detained only a brief period of time and released at the scene.
The court quoted from an authority from the Supreme Court of Canada that an award of damages (money) for a Charter breach might be appropriate to fulfil one or more of three functions, i.e. 乌鸦传媒渃ompensation, vindication of the right, and/or deterrence of future breaches乌鸦传媒�.
Compensation for loss arising from those breaches was not appropriate because Ms. Joseph had already been awarded compensation for her injuries and losses. For the important functions of vindication of the right and deterrence of future breaches, Ms. Joseph was awarded $5,000.00.
A deterrent is important. Next week I will discuss why, and whether or not the amounts being awarded for Charter breaches are meaningful deterrents.
Missed last week乌鸦传媒檚 column?
Police officer order to pay out victim after arrest
About Paul Hergott, Personal Injury Lawyer:
Paul began practicing law in 1995 in a general litigation practice. Of the various areas of litigation, he became most drawn to and passionate about pursuing fair compensation for personal injury victims, which has gradually became his exclusive area of practice. Paul乌鸦传媒檚 practice is restricted to acting only for the injured victim, never for ICBC nor for other insurance companies.
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